WebRadiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds . Contrails are ice clouds with radiative effects similar to thin cirrus cloud layers (Liou, 1986; Raschke et al., 1998). At the TOA, thin layers of cirrus clouds or contrails tend to enhance radiative forcing and hence the greenhouse effect because they cause only a small reduction of the downward solar ...

Tropical cirrus cloud radiative forcing: Sensitivity studies

WebSep 1, 1994 · If the observed solar cloud forcing in excess of 100 W-m −2 is to be attributed to cirrus anvils alone, then the optical depth of these anvils must be at least 5 (assuming 50% cloud cover and an ice crystal effective radius of 15 µm). The net radiative forcing of cirrus near the tropical tropopause is positive (heating) for cloud optical ... WebCloud radiative forcing resulting from a disturbance such as the doubling of CO2 has been a matter of concern and of experiment since the very beginning of numerical climate modelling [Fowler and Randall, 1996]; ... However, the problem of the radiative forcing due to cirrus is perhaps most made recondite by cloud microphysical properties. Of ... citius tech review

Midlatitude cirrus cloud radiative forcing over China

WebMammatus (also called mamma or mammatocumulus, meaning "mammary cloud") is a cellular pattern of pouches hanging underneath the base of a cloud, typically a cumulonimbus raincloud, although they may be attached to other classes of parent clouds. The name mammatus is derived from the Latin mamma (meaning "udder" or "breast").. … WebCloud-radiative forcing calculations based on Nimbus-7 radiation budget and cloudiness measurements reveal that cloud-induced longwave (LW) warming is dominant over the … WebCloud radiative forcing, the difference between the top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes for all-sky and clear skies, is a straightforward metric to gauge the climate impacts of … dice and spice board game cards